During the 16th century, the Jews from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Hungary, and Provence who had taken refuge in Thessaloniki formed communities based on their place of origin, language, and religious customs. It is indicative to note that by 1531, 28 communities and an equal number of synagogues existed. Until 1917 these synagogues were in their original position, since they were rebuilt following the same plan and design in case of earthquake or fire. During the same time, Thessaloniki numbered another 30 synagogues and places of worship. In 1918 and after the catastrophic fire of the previous year, the city was rebuilt. Following the new urban plan, all synagogues were abolished and moved obligatorily to the western and eastern districts of Thessaloniki. From that time on, the Beth Saul Synagogue on Exochon Avenue (now Vasilissis Olgas), built in 1898, was the official community synagogue in Thessaloniki that hosted the community’s main ceremonies. The Beth Saul Synagogue was destroyed during the German Occupation. It was also known as the Synagogue of Mrs. Fakima, as it was built with a donation from Fakima Modiano and was dedicated to the memory of her husband, Saul.