In 1731 the first Surgical Academy opened in Paris. This would be the opening act for all the great advancements that were achieved in the field of medicine over the following years, especially after the radical changes that were brought about by the French Revolution. Doctors examined the human body closely and invented new medical instruments, such as a screw-like tourniquet to stop bleeding and one used for trepanation. After 1789, hospitals started opening all over France, while the beginning of the 19th century saw the opening of the first children’s hospital and training centre in Paris. The Museum dedicated to the history of Medicine is housed in the University of the Academy of Surgery. The oldest collection of medical instruments, surgical bags, physiology tools and other types of medical tools and objects that were used in the hospitals of Europe are on display. The collection, originally created in the 18th century by Dean Lafaye, is housed in a special hall constructed in 1905 by the architect Léon Gunain.