Both sides employed songs to deliver attacks against their opponents. Songs were memorable and circulated widely. They were often printed in pamphlets, written in High German to be comprehensible among the different German-speaking regions, and were accompanied by images for the non-reader. These images were graphic and often portrayed the target of the attack as the Devil or as his collaborator. Often a song from one sphere would be made suitable for use in another by substituting the words. Pious words would fit a secular song or profane words would fit a religious songs. This practice was known as a contrafactum and was very popular.