There is not enough data to present a more accurate picture of how Jews of the St. Nicholas street had lived in the 16th or 17th century, but, the situation of the second half of the 18th century is pretty clear. In 1764 the Sejm (Parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth decided to reform the taxation of Jews and the administration of taxes. All Jews had to be enumerated during the census, indicating their name (current name and patronymic), relationship with the head of the household (lodger, hired person, beggar, etc.) and the tax to be charged. In some instances, the enumerators treated the task at hand irresponsibly, and only provided the mandatory information. In contrast, in other cases, for example, in Vilnius, the recorded information was much more diverse: it featured professional activities, age and other details that attracted the attention of the enumerators. Vilnius Jews were enumerated during February of 1765, during a period of three weeks, from the 6th until the 27th of February, and therefore we will be discussing the situation of this particular moment. The enumerators determined that there were 3202 Jews older than one-year residing in Vilnius, however, there were slightly over 5500 Jews who belonged to the noble and prestigious Vilnius Jewish community. It is the lists, compiled by the enumerators, that tell us quite accurately which Jewish family resided in which house of the city in the second half of the 18th century. So which Jews resided next to the oldest Church in Vilnius in the St. Nicholas street?