Mesounta is famous as the site where Aris Velouchiotis, a prominent and successful generals of the National Liberation Front (EAM), which was the major resistance organization in occupied Greece from 1942 to 1945, met his violent end. Velouchiotis won several battles against the Germans, the Italians, and Greek collaborationist military groups during the Second World War. When the Germans evacuated Greece in October 1944, the British landed their forces in Athens to secure the capital on behalf of the Greek government. Months of tensions between them and the communists resulted in the Dekemvriana, a series of clashes in Athens in December 1944. The communists were defeated and signed the Varkiza Agreement that demanded their demobilization.