The demotic Greek language officially began to be taught during the interwar period, when the number of high school students increased. In 1922, the arrival of the refugees from Asia Minor accentuated the demand for the technical and vocational training of those who would work in the industry field. In 1929, during Venizelos governance, general education (kindergartens, elementary, night schools) and vocational education schools were created, as well as vocational secondary schools for higher studies. At the same time and in the midst of numerous reactions, the mixed primary schools were created, even though they were not allowed afterward, during the Metaxas dictatorship. Finally, the German Occupation and then, the Greek civil war led to the disintegration of the educational system, and the imposition of tuition fees until the post-war period (the 1950s). Of the 7 million population (based on the 1961 census) only 10% were educated, 43% were illiterate and 47% "did not even finish elementary school".